1. lateral pathways = bundles of kent
albert frank stanley kent 1863-1958
unilateral right or left
bilateral right and left
crossing the av groove (ring)
subepicardial or subendocardial
2. septal pathways = paladino fibers
giovanni paladino 1842-1917
originating from posterior branches of the 3 tracti internodales
bachmann (anterior), wenckebach (mes), thorel (posterior)
crossing the tricuspid annulus
3a. atrio-lower av-node = james fibers
thomas naum james 1925-
inserting the lower av-node
short pr-interval + normal qrs
3b. atrio-his-pathways = james/brechenmacher fibers
bypassing the av-node
inserting in the his-bundle
short pr-interval + normal qrs
1974 brechenmacher-lev
4a. atrio-fascicular pathways = mahaim fibers
from right atrium (rl-rpl-rp)
close to the tricuspid annulus
short pr-interval + delta-wave
4b. nodo-ventricular = mahaim fibers
from the inferior part of the av-node
normal pr-interval + delta-wave
1941 mahaim-winston
4c. fasciculo-ventricular pathways = mahaim fibers
from the his-bundle
normal pr-interval + delta-wave
5. para-nodal pathways
fibers from the posterior branches of the 3 tracti internodales
bachmann (anterior), wenckebach (mid), thorel (posterior)
inserting to the inferior part of the av-node
do not give rise to preëxcitation
present in all normal hearts
1961 james
6. para-hisian pathways
